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Biomass yield heterosis has been shown to exist between Medicago sativasubsp. sativa and Medica gosativa subsp. falcata. The objective of this study was to gain a better understanding of what morphological and genetic factors were most highly correlated with total biomass yield heterosis. We calculated genetic distances among nine sativa and five falcate genotypes based on amplified fragment length...
The success of a new variety of Arabica coffee (Coffea arabica L.) depends to an important extent on its liquor and bean qualities. Selection for these traits is however constrained by the prevalence of large genotype-by-environment (G×E)interactions in conjunction with the low genetic variability characteristic of this species. The aim of this study was to assess the extent to which key bean and...
Recombinant inbred lines (RILs) of the tef cross Kaye Murri × Fesho were evaluated for nine quantitative traits at three locations in the central highlands of Ethiopia during the 1998/99 main season in order to estimate the genetic coefficient of variation (GCV), heritability and genetic advance expected from selection. Highly significant differences were obtained among the RILs for all traits studied...
The objective of this study was to determine the mode of inheritance of field resistance to downy mildew (Peronospora parasitica (Pers. ex Fr.) Fr.) in broccoli (Brassica oleracea var.italica) at the adult plant stage. The F1, F2 and F3 progeny of resistant and susceptible plants of broccoli were tested in the field under natural infection, in central Portugal, from August to December in two successive...
Knowledge of the evolutionary origin and sources of pest resistance genes will facilitate gene deployment and development of crop cultivars with durable resistance. Our objective was to determine the source of common bacterial blight (CBB) resistance in the common bean Great Northern Nebraska #1 (GN#1) and GN#1 Selection 27 (GN#1 Sel 27). Several great northern cultivars including GN#1, GN#1 Sel 27,...
The level of polymorphism in tomato was studied using ISSR-PCR. Five tomato species: Lycopersicon esculentum, Lycopersicon pennellii, Lycopersicon cheesmanii, Lycopersicon humboldtii, Lycopersicon hirsutum and two Lycopersicon esculentum substitution lines IL 6-3 and WSL 6 were analyzed. ISSR-PCR was performed with fourteen primers. Nine of these fourteen primers were individually able to distinguish...
Root growth response of 10-days-oldseedlings of 100 maize accessions at, 0 mM, 60 mM, 80 mM and 150 mM NaCl concentration was assessed in solution culture. The non-linear least square method was used to quantify the salt tolerance of maize accessions. The estimated salinity threshold, Ct, the NaCl concentration at which root growth starts to decrease, C0, and C50, the concentrations at which roots...
We evaluated the effect of various genotypes of pea (Pisum sativum L.) to delay the development of ascochyta blight, caused by the fungus Mycosphaerella pinodes, at the seedling stage under controlled conditions. We assessed leaflets, stipules and stems, separately. We compared genotypes on the basis of four variables assessing resistance: incubation period (IP), appearance of disease scoring 3 (DS3),...
Time consuming and expensive tissue culture type techniques are currently used for achieving Lycopersicon esculentum × L. chilense interspecific hybrids. The objective of this study was to determine if the number of viable hybrid seed produced directly from this wide cross could be improved by optimizing female/male parent selection when treated with various hormones in the presence or absence of...
Rice is grown in diverse environments at latitudes ranging from 53°N to 40°S. In Japan, Hokkaido is the northernmost rice cultivation region(42–45°N latitude). Only extremely early maturing (heading) varieties that have extremely low photoperiod sensitivity are adapted to this area. Heading date is the most important trait in adaptation to this particular environment. Also, the efficient manipulation...
Fifty cassava clones were studied using RAPD technique. They included landraces from the Wenchi, Nkoranza, Dormaa Ahenkoro and Asonafo districts of the Brong Ahafo region of Ghana and three improved varieties. Genetic diversity of these genotypes was studied using four primers, OPK-01, OPR-02, OPR-09 and OPJ-14. A total of 41 different bands were detected. Levels of polymorphic fragments detected...
Fusarium head blight (FHB), primarily caused by Fusarium graminearum in North America, often results in significant losses in yield and grain quality of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Evaluation of FHB resistance is laborious and can be affected by environmental conditions. The development of DNA markers associated with FHB quantitative trait loci (QTL) and their use in breeding programs could greatly...
Sunflower downy mildew caused by Plasmopara halstedii is an important disease of sunflower capable of causing losses of more than 80% of production. Races 100, 300, 310, 330, 710, 703, 730 and770 of the fungus have been identified in Spain. Race 703, of high virulence, has been identified frequently in the northeast, while race 310 seems to occur over the south, the main sunflower growing region of...
Mulberry, Morus spp. has a wide range of use, the chief among them is to feed the silk producing caterpillar Bombyx mori L. (Bombycidae; Bombycoidea). As a homeland of mulberry, India has a number of indigenous mulberry species, of which a few are widely cultivated. In the present investigation genetic distance among such eleven mulberry cultivars originated from six different states of India covering...
Patterns of flowering and seed set were explored by principal component (PC) analysis of counts of fresh flowers, total flowers and seeds at four observation times. This pattern analysis was attempted because of the complicated rhythms of flowering and seed set over an extended period. The approach was considered superior to regressions (over time) for this data because of these pattern complexities,...
Ninety-nine wild growing and primitive varieties of garden pea (Pisum sativum L.) were screened for tolerance to cadmium (Cd) toxicity in quartz sand culture. Cadmium tolerance was determined by the time to plant death when treated with a lethal Cd concentration (13 mg kg-1), and by a tolerance index (TI) calculated as a ratio between biomasses of Cd-treated and untreated plants in the presence of...
Characterization of crop germplasm from specific regions helps understand the patterns of genetic variation that facilitates further germplasm collection, characterization, management and their more efficient utilization in genetics, breeding and other studies. Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is a traditional crop in the Iberian Peninsula (Spain and Portugal) where subsistence farmers have been...
Dry white Chinese noodle (DWCN) is widely consumed in China, and genetic improvement of DWCN quality has become a major objective for Chinese wheat breeding programs. One hundred and four bread wheat cultivars and advanced lines, including 88from major Chinese wheat-producing areas, were sown in two locations for two years. Their DWCN quality, as evaluated by trained panelists, was studied to determine...
Starch structure and functionality have a significant impact on the utilization of cereal grains as food and feed. Starch viscosity characteristics are used to characterize rice cooking, processing and eating quality. In order to examine the genetics of viscosity characteristics, we developed molecular markers for five of the major enzymes involved in starch synthesis in the endosperm: granule bound...
In this review paper requirement to new cultivars applying biotechnological tools in common bean (Phaseolus vulgarisL.) breeding and existing literature and available data are discussed. Application of different methods for in vitro cultivation, transformation, gene mapping and techniques for genome analysis are described. Further works needed in some investigations are also presented. The relation...
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